Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is a technology that enables mutual communication and data exchange between vehicles and their surrounding environment. It allows vehicles to connect with various entities such as other vehicles, road infrastructure, and pedestrians. Through V2X, vehicles can receive real-time information from the surrounding environment, such as traffic signs, road conditions, and the locations of other vehicles. At the same time, it can also transmit the vehicle's information to other entities to enhance driving safety and efficiency. V2X technology holds great potential for areas like autonomous driving, traffic management, and intelligent transportation systems, providing a safer and smoother road experience.

V2X includes the following key components that enable comprehensive communication and data exchange between vehicles, infrastructure, pedestrians, and the internet:

1.      V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle): Communication between vehicles. Through V2V, vehicles can exchange information such as position, speed, acceleration, and driving direction to improve driving safety and collaborative driving capabilities.

2.      V2I (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure): Communication between vehicles and infrastructure. Vehicles can communicate with traffic signals, roadside units, and intelligent transportation systems to obtain traffic information, road conditions, and traffic control commands, such as traffic light status and parking space billing, to improve traffic flow and efficiency.

3.      V2P (Vehicle-to-Pedestrian): Communication between vehicles and pedestrians. Through V2P, vehicles can detect and communicate with pedestrians, enhancing pedestrian safety and warning effectiveness. For example, vehicles can send alert messages to pedestrians to avoid collisions.

4.      V2N (Vehicle-to-Network): Communication between vehicles and the network. Vehicles can communicate with the internet and cloud services through V2N, such as through cellular networks (3GPP) or IEEE 802.11p, to access real-time traffic information, route planning, and vehicle diagnostics.

5.      V2D (Vehicle-to-Device): The connection and data exchange between vehicles and portable devices such as smartphones and tablets. Typical applications include Apple CarPlay and Android Auto, which allow the projection and control of certain smartphone functions on the in-vehicle infotainment system through short-range wireless technologies like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi.

6.      V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid): The bidirectional information and power exchange between electric vehicles and the smart grid. Electric vehicles can provide regulation services to the grid, such as discharging during peak hours to balance the load, while the grid can provide real-time pricing information to the vehicle's system to optimize the charging strategy, relying on the vehicle's battery and V2G technology.

7.      V2B/V2H (Vehicle-to-Building): The power and information exchange between electric vehicles and residential or commercial buildings. The vehicle's battery can provide emergency backup power or load balancing support to the building, while the building can also provide location-based optimized charging plans to the vehicle, also relying on V2G technology.

8.      V2L (Vehicle-to-Load): Allows electric vehicles to provide power to external electrical devices. The vehicle's battery can supply power to equipment like camping gear and home appliances through converters and output interfaces, providing a mobile power source and emergency backup power.

9.      V2C (Vehicle-to-Cloud): The connection between the in-vehicle system and cloud platforms, enabling remote diagnostics, software updates, and access to cloud-based traffic, weather, and other information to optimize driving decisions, relying on the vehicle's communication module and cloud platform integration.

In summary, V2X technology covers the bidirectional information and energy exchange between vehicles and various external devices and systems, serving as a critical foundation for realizing intelligent transportation and the energy internet.

The specific technologies and components that enable V2X communication are:

a. DSRC (Dedicated Short-Range Communications): A V2X communication standard based on wireless technology, using the 5.9 GHz frequency band for communication between vehicles, vehicles and infrastructure, and vehicles and pedestrians. DSRC provides low latency, high reliability, and high bandwidth for exchanging vehicle location, speed, road conditions, and other information.

b. TCU (Telematics Control Unit): An electronic control unit in the vehicle responsible for managing and executing V2X communication functions. It can integrate with the vehicle's systems, sensors, and other electronic components to connect with DSRC or other communication technologies to support V2X communication.

In conclusion, DSRC is the specific technical standard for V2X communication, while the TCU is the control component that enables the V2X communication functionality. V2X is a broader concept that encompasses the comprehensive communication and data exchange between vehicles and various entities (vehicles, infrastructure, pedestrians, etc.). The main purposes of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) connectivity include traffic safety, big data surveillance, transportation energy efficiency, and energy conservation.

Product Reference Links and Data for the Application:

TDK Automotive Application on V2X – TSU (Telematics Control Unit)

TDK Automotive Application on V2X – DSRC (Dedicated Short-Range Communications)

Rubycon Product Guide for Automotive Application

Littelfuse Automotive Passenger Car Catalog